Technology
Qanat
- It is the underground channels used to deliver and supply water for farming and other daily application at the dry areas.
- Helps reduce water seepage and evaporation.
- Invented by Achaemenid
- It needs a lot of labor force to dig the tunnel. There is shaft connect to the tunnel to *excavated* material and supply air for the worker when they repair or clean the channel. They need to clean usually every spring. (1)
- It sloped along the mountains,and brings the water to alluvial fans then to canals and distributes out to the farm. (2)
- provides Persians farm in dry season.
- Vital for agriculture
- Present day Oman and Iran still has some
- Qanat was the core to the rise of the empire
Qanat applications
Windlass (2)
Technology they used to bring the spoils in from the tunnels out. It was set up at the shaft that connected to the tunnel and work as a pulley to bring the spoils up.
Passive Cooling systems (Wind catcher) (2)
Technology used to cool down the wind by circulate wind through a building.
Rings (2)
Technology used to reinforce in tunnels that that were a easy to collapse because of loose soil. It made by burnt clay, mineral, salt. Also helps when they cleaning and fixing.
Ancient fridges (Yakhchal)
- It can store ice in hot place.
- In such a large and hot-arid place and long summer season so it had a major role in providing comfort for their citizen. (3)
- In morning was very hot but at night the temperature droped a lot makeing the water freeze and also by the structure of the dome helped it cool. (3)
- It provide ice for cool drinks in the summer, and stores food.
- Also selling ice was a business that existed, you can buy ice at these yakhchal building or at markets. (4)
Farsi
- The Achaemenid dynasty had signs of cuneiform writing called Persian, Parsi or Farsi. It is the Indo-Iranian group of languages that brought by Ayrus to Iranian Plateau. (5)
- It was the principal language in the Persian empire and widely understood language in the areas ranging from the Middle East to India.
- Lasted from 550 - 330 BCE (5)
- Originated at a Parsa tribe in Achaemenid, was the old Persia. Later, it was changed over every centuries; at current, it was mainly spoken and claim as a native language in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan. (6)
- Second language of Islam
- It have 4 categories of development: Old, Middle, Classic and Modern.
- Evidence: The Behistun Inscription- it is an autobiography of Darius I.
Royal Road
- Roads that connected from Susa, capital of Persia, across Sardis in Anatolia, to Aegean Sea (7)
- It was also connected to other highways
- It is 1,677 miles long with 111 post where you can rest and change horses that were at every 15 miles (8)
- Royal messengers that travel the road in 7 days by horses and commoners can travel slower by foot. If in normal roads it would take 3 months. (9)
- It is not the shortest track, but have more advantage because it cross a sea so they can trade; lead through the heartland of the ancient Assyria, Arbela and Opis; connected Babylon and Ecbatana, to the holy city of Zoroastrianism, Rhagae. This road continued to the far east and was later known as the Silk road. (9)
- Also let the Immortals move quickly to battles
The Calendar System (10)
- One of the earliest solar calendars.
- It was made by the Zoroastrianism religion to show the importance of sun.
- Divided a year into 12 months, and even 1 leap year. One month had 30 days. And the spring equinox is the new year.
- Also measured the passage of time in eras or reigns of kings
- Stars were another way for them to keep track of time
Xerxe's Pontoon bridge (11)
- Biggest engineering project at the time
- Across the Hellespont
- Connects modern Turkey and greece
- Also connects the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea
- Still the greatest proejct
- Allowed troops to invade Greece (The Persian War)
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